“Twitter and Facebook, market transactions on eBay and Amazon: This is the stuff of everyday life” for much of the world, said Golder. “For a social scientist to have access to these records is a fantastic new opportunity.”
利用 Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count，一個文字分析的程式可以為論述裡的字詞做定量闡明，
“The findings are exciting, particularly the robustness of the daily patterns in positive affect across vastly different geographical areas and cultures,” said Brant Hasler, a psychologist at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine. “A systematic daily pattern of positive mood is a fundamental part of human existence.”
根據Golder，人群引發的資料設定闡發不會取代其他方法，而是變得更完全，假設還沒有其他社會模組的調查方法。直到近日，“還沒有任何現實的方式去觀查大規模人群的細部資料”翻譯
“I applaud the creativity of the authors’ methods翻譯社 and the ambitious scope of their sample,” said Hasler. “Now翻譯社 we need to address two questions that follow from this: Why do these daily patterns exist? And how can we use this knowledge to improve our own lives and those of others?”
Image: Golder et al./Science
Using Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count翻譯社 a text analysis program that quantifies the emotional content of statements翻譯社 Golder and co-author Michael Macy analyzed a total of 509 million tweets generated over two years by 2.4 million people in 84 countries.
By Brandon Keim September 29翻譯社 2011 | 2:30 pm | Categories: Brains and Behavior翻譯社 Tech
Many studies of how moods — or, more technically, positive and negative affect — change from minute to minute and day to day rely on self-reported surveys翻譯社 which can be inconsistent if not misleading. The subjects of these studies also tend to be undergraduate students from western colleges翻譯社 a group that’s not always representative of humanity at large.
一項從5億推特用戶過濾後的情感模組研究，出現出情感若何高漲到降低的聯貫性的文明尺度，逾越時候及世界各地翻譯
(翻譯)推特的資料探勘記載了全球情感模組
140種的腳色花式也有可能誤導，減化形容詞的利用方法會給推供更多奧妙的情感指導， Hasler說道。
“這些發現是使人興奮的，出格是正面影響逾越龐大的地輿及文化差別平常模組的不亂性” 匹茲堡醫學大學的心理學者Brant Hasler說道，“一個系統化的正面情緒平常模組是人類存有的根本部份”
“There’s a whole generation of lab work that’s been inconclusive,” said sociologist Scott Golder of Cornell University, co-author of the tweet analysis published Sept. 29 in Science. “Every study would have something different to say about what they saw in their subjects’ affective rhythms.”
The details seem intuitive: positive feelings peaking in the morning, dipping during work and rising at day’s end; negativity accumulated over the workweek dissipating late on Friday afternoon. But they’ve proved surprisingly tricky to measure.
By Brandon Keim September 29, 2011 | 2:30 pm | Categories: Brains and Behavior翻譯社 Tech
Golder和配合作者Michael Macy剖析了二年來84個國度裡240萬人總共5億9百萬的推文。
引用自“Diurnal and Seasonal Mood Vary with Work, Sleep翻譯社 and Daylength Across Diverse Cultures.”由 Scott A. Golder and Michael W. Macy所著於科學期刊2011.09.30,第333頁。
http://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2011/09/twitter-global-mood/
According to Golder, analysis of crowd-generated datasets isn’t intended to replace other methodologies, but to complement them, providing yet one more way of investigating social patterns. Until recently, “there hasn’t been any practical way to observe large numbers of people in fine-grained detail,” he said.
“華碩翻譯公司向作者技術的創意拍手，還有他們樣本數視察的野心” Hasler說道翻譯“現在我們需要從這個材料提出二個問題：為何這些日常模組會存在？還有我們若何應用這些知識去改良華碩翻譯公司們的生涯或是其他方面？”
------以下是個人心得------
- 周日是整周平均最佈滿正面情感的一天，尤其是周日上午達到岑嶺，但整周最高興的時候是要接近午夜十二點前的周六（下一個最開心是周五，第三名才是周日）。
推特的資料探勘記載了全球情感模組
Twitter users翻譯社 of course, don’t represent humanity either. But the culture- and globe-spanning size of the software platform’s community, and their constant generation of data that can be cross-referenced and correlated and otherwise computationally investigated, make them alluring to researchers.
最後的成績顯示－正面的情感在早晨高漲但跟著時候衰退，整周都維持同時的峰值－乃至世界各地皆然翻譯
- 周一及周二是整周負面情感最高的二天（幾近完全重疊），但周二是整周正面情緒起碼的一天，其實周二才是整周最無奈的一天而不是我們傳統以為的禮拜一。
However翻譯社 said Hasler, “One must be very careful in extrapolating emotional state from a highly specific form of communication like Twitter.” People often present themselves strategically, and periods of especially intense emotion might be over- or under-represented.
Though the proposition that mood is governed by circadian and sleep cycles is widely accepted, other studies of mood fluctuations have found varying patterns, especially for positivity: A single afternoon peak, a day-long plateau翻譯社 dual peaks at noon and evening or afternoon and evening翻譯社 a mid-afternoon dip. Those discrepancies may be based largely on factors eliminated by the new study.
Twitter-Mining Captures Global Mood Patterns
然而， Hasler說道：“必然要異常地當心揣度情感狀態，從一個高度相異的溝通模式下像是推特”人們常策略性的表達他們的想法，還有一種特別的情素或許過度或是不被表達出來。
- 上班日的負面情感在過了淩晨六點後保持均衡但跟著越晚越多，非上班日負面情感的情感波動低的比上班日低，高的也比上班日高（真是劇烈的週末）翻譯
很多關於情感的研究－或是說更多技能性地正面和負面影響－在小我查詢拜訪中每分鐘分天都在改變，多是非聯貫的假設沒有騙人的話翻譯這個研究的主體也有偏向西方還沒有卒業的學生，總而言之他們不大能算是人道的代表。
以時間(X軸)及日期(色彩)排序，平均時刻轉變下，正面(上方圖表)及負面(下方圖表)的感化
這篇報道是說，由Scott A. Golder and Michael W. Macy所寫的研究告訴顯現的圖表有很大的樣本數和非凡性，而這個圖表很有趣，用X軸為時候；Y軸為情感積累，各類色彩的線各代表禮拜，
The 140-character format itself might also be misleading, reducing the use of adjectives that would give more nuanced indicators of emotional tone翻譯社 Hasler said.
- 固然周六薄暮是正面情緒的最高的時候，但同時也是負面情感最高的時刻（這一點很有趣，我想也許是沒有行程的人在電腦前發出的怨念吧）。
以上文章的翻譯小弟盡力了呀,或許會有點意思上的差別,可以對照一下灰色字的原文。
康乃爾大學的社會學者Scott Golder 說：“全部實行室的工作變得很不肯定性”，推特研究的配合作者在科學期刊9月29日揭曉“每一個研究關於他們在對主體的感受水平都有些紛歧樣”
An analysis of mood patterns distilled from half a billion tweets has produced a civilization-scale picture of how moods rise and fall in tandem翻譯社 over time and across the world.
細節由直覺看起來：正面感觸感染在淩晨到達岑嶺，然後從工作起頭下降又入手下手上升到一天竣事前；而負面感觸感染累積整周工作日然後到周五下晝消弭很多。但這些圖表顯示的其實難以測定翻譯
Hourly changes in average positive (top) and negative (bottom) affect, arrayed by time (X-axis) and day (color). (Golder et al./Science)固然情緒被晝夜轉變和睡眠輪回支配是廣泛被接管的，其他情感波動的研究卻有相異結果，尤其是正面情感： single afternoon peak, a day-long plateau, 在正午或傍晚顯現高漲，或下晝及晚上，下午三點左右降落．這些紛歧致或許是基於大部分新研究中被疏忽的事實。
Citation: “Diurnal and Seasonal Mood Vary with Work, Sleep, and Daylength Across Diverse Cultures.” By Scott A. Golder and Michael W. Macy. Science, Vol. 333, September 30, 2011.
The resulting trends — positive moods starting high in the morning and declining through the day, peaking overall on weekends — held steady around the world.
Golder說：“推特、臉書和市場生意業務平台ebay、亞馬遜：這就是天天的生活”對於世界上大部分的人來講，“對於一個社會學者來講行止理這些數據是一個別致的機遇”
推特的利用者天經地義的也不克不及成為人道的代表。但推特的文化及全球化規模的軟體平台的社群，和一連性的資料可以交互參照、幹系還有電腦數字化的查詢拜訪，都對換查者來講具有吸引力。
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